两种提取方法在尿儿茶酚胺测定中的应用比较

目的比较了两种提取方法在尿儿茶酚胺提取过程中的应用。方法用阴离子固相萃取柱和酸性氧化铝分别提取标准品和尿标本,然后用高效液相色谱联用电化学检测器测定尿儿茶酚胺的含量。结果阴离子固相萃取法的直接萃取率去甲肾上腺素为65%～87%,肾上腺素为57%～88%,多巴胺为68%～84%。酸性氧化铝吸附的直接萃取率去甲肾上腺素为25%～32%,肾上腺素为17%～28%,多巴胺为28%～32%。结论在尿儿茶酚胺提取过程中阴离子固相萃取法的萃取率高于酸性氧化铝吸附法。     

大孔吸附树脂纯化楤木总皂苷的工艺研究

目的 筛选分离楤木总皂苷的最佳树脂,并对影响分离的各种因素进行系统研究,使分离工艺达到最优化。方法 采用静态与动态的吸附-解吸两种方法,以高效液相色谱法测定楤木皂苷A的量为评价指标,进行工艺筛选。结果 AB-8分离效果最好,其最佳工艺为药液质量浓度0.1 g/mL（相当于原生药）、上样量为6 BV（树脂床体积）,以2.5 BV/h的吸附速率进行吸附,50%乙醇4 BV、2 BV/h进行洗脱效果最佳。经AB-8处理后的楤木皂苷A收率达30%,楤木总皂苷可达80%以上。结论 该方法简单可行,分离效果好,能满足于大生产的要求。     

大孔吸附树脂纯化骨碎补总黄酮的研究

目的 优选出分离纯化骨碎补总黄酮的最佳树脂。方法 采用静态吸附的方法对5种不同的树脂进行筛选,并采用优选树脂对骨碎补总黄酮的分离工艺进行了优化,同时对优选树脂的吸附稳定性进行了检测。结果 树脂Ⅱ（HPD-BJQH）在解吸液为50%乙醇液时所得到的干膏中总黄酮的量较高,并且具有较高的吸附稳定性。结论 在室温及pH值约为4.0的条件下,分离纯化骨碎补总黄酮的最佳树脂为HPD-BJQH,最佳解吸液为50%乙醇溶液,最佳流量为10 mL/min。     

三维共价有机框架材料吸附分离CO2-CH4的计算机模拟——CO2电荷模型的影响

共价有机框架( Covalent organic framework, COF)材料是一类具有大比表面积、低密度的多孔材料,在温室气体捕集领域中有着广泛的应用前景。采用计算机模拟研究了COF-102等框架材料对CO2-CH4混合气的吸附分离。模拟过程中,选择了4种常见的CO2电荷模型:(1) C(0.70 e)、O(-0.35 e) 、C=O键长1.16×10-10m; (2) C(0.576 e) 、O(-0.288 e) 、C=O键长1.18×10-10m; (3) C(0.544 e) 、O(-0.272 e) 、C=O键长1.18×10-10m;(4) C(0.664 5 e)、O(-0.332 25 e) 、C=O键长1.16×10-10m,框架材料的力场模型则选择了UFF(Universal Force Field)和Dreiding这两种常见的力场。根据不同力场和CO2电荷模型模拟所得到的吸附等温线和选择性,发现UFF和第(2)种电荷模型的组合与实验结果最吻合。     

Association of ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms and coronary artery disease risk: a meta-analysis based on 12 465 subjects

Introduction

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Various researchers have investigated the role of ADIPOQ gene in the risk of CAD, yet their results have been inconsistent.

Methods

To evaluate the association between ADIPOQ genetic polymorphisms and CAD risk, relevant studies published before October 2011 were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE. Studies were selected using previously defined criteria. The strength of the relationship between the four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ADIPOQ gene and CAD risk was assessed using odds ratios (ORs).

Results

A total of 12 465 subjects from 17 case-control studies were identified in the present study. Based on the relevant studies, it was determined that the risk of CAD was not associated with rs2241766 in any genetic model. Increased risk of CAD was associated with rs266729 in allele contrast (1.11, [1.03, 1.20]) and dominant genetic model (1.15, 95%CI: [1.05, 1.27]); increased risk of CAD was also associated with rs822395 in additive (1.63, 95%CI: [1.19, 2.22]) and recessive genetic model (1.71, 95%CI: [1.27, 2.30]). It was further determined that the rs1501299 polymorphism reduced the risk of CAD in the additive (0.80, 95%CI: [0.67, 0.94]) and recessive genetic model (0.81, 95%CI: [0.68, 0.95]). In the stratified analysis, significant associations were found in Asian subjects for rs266729 and in Caucasian subjects for rs1501299.

Conclusion

There is an association between ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms and CAD risk. Different SNPs of the ADIPOQ gene have different associations with CAD risk, and appear to increase risk in individuals of Asian ethnicity while decrease the CAD risk in Caucasians. However, the overall strength of association was mild to moderate.     

Association of MB-COMT polymorphisms with schizophrenia-susceptibility and symptom severity in an African cohort

The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene is an attractive schizophrenia candidate gene, encoding a catabolic dopamine enzyme. The enzyme exists as two distinct isoforms, with the membrane bound enzyme (i.e. MB-COMT) being predominantly expressed in the brain. Since African populations remain underrepresented in genetic/genomic research, we performed an association study to determine whether MB-COMT genetic variants are associated with schizophrenia-susceptibility and symptom severity in the South African Xhosa population. Fourteen candidate polymorphisms were selected by means of a literature search and in silico analyses and were subsequently genotyped in a cohort of 238 Xhosa schizophrenia patients and 240 healthy Xhosa controls. Genetic association was tested with schizophrenia-susceptibility as well as symptom severity within the patient group. Polymorphisms of interest were also analysed using functional assays. Two SNPs, rs2020917 (OR=0.54, 95% CI 0.37-0.79; P=0.0011) and rs737865 (OR=0.52, 95% CI 0.36-0.74; P=0.0002), in the P2 promoter region were significantly associated with schizophrenia as well as an increase (increase=11.2%, 95% CI 3.7%-19.2%; P=0.0031) in reporter gene expression. The minor alleles of these SNPs were underrepresented in the schizophrenia cohort, indicating a possible protective effect. The P2 region also formed part of a haplotype found to be associated with the severity of the negative symptoms of the disorder. The data generated by this study indicate that genetic variation of MB-COMT could be associated with schizophrenia and negative symptom severity in the Xhosa population and may therefore be one of the genomic loci contributing towards the disorder in the South African community. Future large-scale studies in other African schizophrenia populations are required to further elucidate the significance of these findings.     

辉光放电电解等离子体引发合成丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸共聚物水凝胶及其对阳离子染料的吸附性能

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和丙烯酸(AA)为单体、N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,在水溶液中利用辉光放电电解等离子体(GDEP)引发,一步制得丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸共聚物(P(AM-co-AA))水凝胶。用红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)和热重分析(TGA)对P(AM-co-AA)水凝胶的结构、形貌和稳定性进行了表征。考察了放电电压、放电时间、MBA质量含量、AM质量分数以及中和度对P(AM-co-AA)水凝胶吸附孔雀石绿(MG)的影响,同时探讨了引发机理。结果表明,水凝胶对MG的最大吸附量为8     

功能接枝微粒PVI-SiO2的制备及其吸附特性初探

在偶联剂γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷的媒介作用下,在溶液聚合体系中,采用“接出”法将功能单体1-乙烯基咪唑(VI)接枝聚合于微米级硅胶微粒表面,制得了功能接枝微粒PVI-SiO2。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)及热失重分析(TGA)等方法对PVI-SiO2进行了表征;测定了接枝微粒的Zeta电位;考察研究了主要因素对接枝聚合的影响;初步探索了其对铬酸根负离子及重金属离子的吸附特性。研究结果表明：本接枝聚合体系亦呈现在固体微粒表面接枝聚合的一般规律,即已接枝到硅胶微粒表面的聚合物层,会对后续的接枝聚合产生阻隔作用;温度及引发剂用量等因素显著影响接枝度,在适宜条件下每100 g PVI-SiO2接枝PVI 21.63 g。在较大的pH范围内,接枝微粒的Zeta电位为较大的正值,在静电相互作用下,接枝微粒对铬酸根离子会产生很强的吸附作用,吸附量可高达120 mg/g;凭借配位鳌合作用, 接枝微粒对重金属离子具有强的吸附能力。     

大孔吸附树脂纯化黄芩总黄酮工艺研究

目的研究大孔吸附树脂分离和纯化黄芩总黄酮的工艺条件。方法以总黄酮的吸附量和解吸率为考察指标,对8种不同类型的树脂进行评价。并对优选出的大孔树脂纯化黄芩总黄酮时的工艺条件及参数进行研究。结果AB-8大孔吸附树脂的动态吸附分离效果最好,上样药液浓度为80 mg药材/mL,径高比为1∶8,吸附流速为1 BV/h,除杂溶剂为水,除杂体积为4 BV,除杂流速为1 BV/h,洗脱溶剂为50%乙醇,洗脱体积为8 BV,洗脱流速为1 BV/h。通过大孔吸附树脂分离纯化后,终产品中总黄酮的纯度为88.48%。结论该工艺合理、可行,适合工业生产。     

博弈论混合策略中纳什均衡存在定理的另一种证明

在博弈论发展中,用混合策略来分析博弈是重要的手段,引入混合策略可以保证纳什均衡的存在,可在临床决策与卫生管理对策中发挥作用。混合策略的引入是对非合作博弈进行预测的实质所在。在Fudenberg和Tirole相应工作的基础上,主要对连续博弈混合策略的性质,连续博弈的混合策略纳什均衡存在定理的给出了另一种证明。